Small Business Network Security 101

The purpose of this document is to provide smalltranslation, allowing only very basic protection. The
business owners and network administrators withmain purpose of a firewall is to keep out
a better understanding of security needs and tounwanted traffic, such as a computer worm
outline the actions that can be taken to ensureattempting to infect computers with a specific
the safety of networks and their data. Thisvulnerability. Note that some firewalls can also be
document can be download in full and in PDFused to block specified outgoing traffic, such as
format for free at you don't know aboutfile sharing programs, and to block specified
network security can hurt your business.incoming traffic, such as instant messengers or
"With broadband usage quickly becoming aany other service the firewall administrator
standard in the business world and networkchooses to block.
security hazards on the rise, small businessesMany hardware firewalls offer additional services
without a dedicated IT team are faced with thesuch as email antivirus and antispam filtering,
great challenge of protecting their networks fromcontent filtering, and secure wireless access point
threats. However, in order to meet this challenge,(AP) options. When selecting a firewall, define the
small businesses must first face a greaterrequirements of your business. Many firewall
challenge: understanding and acknowledging thevendors provide customizable firewalls with pricing
threats.depending on the range of services you select. If
The purpose of this document is to provide smallyou can, get technical assistance from a local
business owners and network administrators withnetwork security service provider.
a better understanding of security needs and to4.Antivirus. Antivirus (AV) software is used to
outline the actions that can be taken to ensurescan files on the computer on which it is installed,
the safety of networks and their data.files that are downloaded to the computer, and of
Why Are Small Businesses Vulnerable?Perhaps thecourse email. In addition to implementing AV
greatest threat to small business networks is thesolutions on each machine, it is important to have
owners' false sense of security and their lack ofan AV gateway: a local or remote machine where
proficiency in protecting their networks. Veryemail messages are scanned for viruses while
often, small business owners push networkthey are being downloaded to the client computer.
security issues down the priority list in favor ofIt is crucial to keep the antivirus software
more pressing matters, and in many cases,updated at all times, as new viruses are found
network security is not a concern at all.almost every day.
To better understand the severity of thisDo not forget that simply having the software is
phenomenon, consider the following researchnot enough. Schedule an automatic scan if possible.
results:If not, then set a reminder to ensure that you
- According a survey conveyed by the Nationaland other office employees run the scan on their
Cyber Security Alliance, "More than 30% of thosecomputers periodically.
polled by the National Cyber Security Alliance5.Patches and Updates. Microsoft and other
(NCSA) think they'll take a bolt of lightning throughsoftware vendors provide updates that are
the chest before they see their computersmeant to fix bugs and patch potential security
violated in an Internet attack."holes in their software. Make sure you regularly
- The SANS/Internet Storm Center publishes acheck for updates. You can even decide on a
statistic reporting the average time a "clean"specific day (once in two weeks is usually enough)
(un-patched and undefended) system can beon which to remind yourself and your employees
connected to the Internet before being attackedto run the software updates or check the
or scanned. Recent data indicated an average ofsoftware manufacturer Web site for any updates
20-30 minutes. New threats continue to emergethat may be available. Disaster Recovery Be
every day, and "lightning" can strike, whether inprepared if something goes wrong. Beyond
the form of lowered productivity due to spam, ornetwork security issues, there are many more
priceless information such as customer credit cardthings that can disable your network or leave it
numbers that end up in the wrong hands.vulnerable.
Many small business owners wave off network6.Backup. Always backup information. The more
security concerns, claiming that the size of theimportant the information is, the more copies of it
company and its insignificance in the market willyou should have available. Make sure not to leave
deter hackers from targeting the network. This isit lying around or misplace it. Create a backup
a very misguided approach. Strict regulations suchpolicy to back the data up regularly. If possible,
as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act require enterprises toencrypt sensitive information and always keep a
invest more in information security. Enterprisesnon-rewritable copy (CD-ROM) of the files in a
are aware of various security threats and oftensafe location. It is also recommended to back up
employ in-house specialists to defend theirfirewall, email, and Internet configuration settings
networks from various threats. Companies withto enable quick access to these settings in case
large networks own complex firewall and intrusionof a failure.
prevention systems that are regularly updated7.ISP and/or Gateway Failover. For businesses
and maintained. Small businesses cannot bethat are dependant on Internet connectivity, it is
expected to have manpower, money, or time tocrucial to have a backup Internet connection and
invest in maintaining an enterprise-scale networka backup firewall/gateway to preserve
security system. However, this does not meanconnectivity and production in the event that your
they should ignore security threats.primary Internet connection goes offline or the
A good example of the vulnerability of smallmain firewall/gateway malfunctions. Several
networks in comparison to enterprises is thefirewall gateways offer smooth and automated
effect of the My.failover and ISP backup options. If temporary
Doom worm (released in January 2004).connectivity loss means potential profit loss, be
According to the Internet Security Alliance data,sure to have failover options.
one out of three small businesses was affected,Annoyances Spam and spyware are not only
while only one out of six enterprises wasannoying, but they can be quite dangerous to
affected. It is not always personal. As you willyour network security and, of course,
learn later, most attacks and security threats areproductivity. Another threat to productivity is
aimed at the general public and not directed atsites with questionable content, as well as file
any specific company or network. A hacker cansharing software.
run a software program that scans networks and8.Antispam and Antispyware. Spam filtering can
IP ranges, looking for potential weaknesses. Whenbe implemented on the mail server, on the firewall
such weaknesses are found, the hacker can takegateway, or on the machine receiving the
over the machines or infect them, in order to usemessages. Most antispam software uses various
them as a "zombie army" in larger scale attacks.filters and blacklists to attempt to eliminate spam
What Happens If I Do Get Hacked?According to awithout deleting legitimate emails. In small
Gartner study , 40% of small businesses that usenetworks with few mailboxes, you may consider
the Internet for more than email will belocally set antispam software, but in larger
successfully attacked by the end of 2005. Morenetworks with more users, you may want to use
than half of the businesses attacked will not evenspam scanning on the firewall/gateway.
know it. Could you be one of those businesses?Spyware can be removed by using antispyware
Are you aware of the damage a severe attacksoftware on the local machine. You may want to
could inflict on your business? Think of whatinclude this in your weekly or bi-weekly routine of
would happen if a computer containing importantupdates and scans, and scan your network
business data was physically stolen, and the datacomputers for spyware, as well as viruses and
was not backed up. · How much would aworms.
new machine cost?· How much irreplaceable9.Blocking Specific Sites, IM Clients, and File
data would be lost?· How much would thisSharing Programs. The best way to deal with
data loss cost your company?· Can youquestionable sites online, IM conversations during
afford the financial costs, downtime, andwork hours, and bandwidth-wasting file sharing is
hassle?Each business is different in bothto enforce their exclusion on the gateway. Some
vulnerability and risk. The questions above canfirewalls allow you to select specific services to
assist you in beginning to assess the potentialwhich access should be blocked and to filter Web
damage of an attack on your network. However,sites by address and/or by category.
there are other threats beyond hacker attacksImproving Productivity Safely Access your office
and loss of information. Know them, and protectnetwork whenever you need it, wherever you
yourself.need it - safely.
What Are the Threats?Like any technology,10.Remote Access VPN and Site-to-Site VPN.
Internet security threats are changing andVirtual private network (VPN) technology allows
evolving at all times. Hackers adjust their methodsyou to connect two or more networks in a
and develop them to take advantage of bothprivate connection, creating a tunnel of encrypted
technological vulnerabilities and psychologicaldata between the two points. This technology
weaknesses of employees. Some current threatswas adopted to replace expensive private
are:networks (such as frame relay) with increasing
- Security Holes or Vulnerabilities. These arepopular and available broadband Internet
"bugs" in operating systems and software thatconnections. VPNs provide privacy and encryption
can be exploited by hackers. When a vulnerabilityfor the data as it is transferred over the Internet.
is discovered, the race begins: hackers hurry toThis is especially useful if you have two or more
develop exploits, which are pieces of code thatbranches in your business or would like to access
use the vulnerability to penetrate or disable ayour office network remotely. For example, your
program or a whole network, before thesales representative does not have to carry
software developer releases a patch to close theconfidential information on his laptop when visiting
hole. · Direct Attack. Though less common inabroad. All he has to do is connect to the Internet
the small business world, direct attacks do exist.and access the data in the office through a
A disgruntled worker, a very unhappy customer,secure connection.
or a competitor with network knowledge can tryNumerous security appliances offer VPN server
to hack into the network with different intentions.and endpoint capabilities. If accessing your office
From simple curiosity to data theft, many reasonsnetwork increases productivity, or if you have
can cause a hacker to come knocking on yourbeen accessing your office network without using
office network door.a secure VPN, you should select a gateway
- Viruses. Though less common nowadays andappliance that offers this feature. Check Point(R)
often confused with worms, viruses are pieces ofSafe@Office(R) Small Business Security and
executable code that can do damage to aRemote Access SolutionThe Safe@Office
computer system. Viruses often spread overappliance delivers a modular small business
email and recently over instant messagingsecurity solution that can be tailored to any small
networks, by disguising themselves as legitimatebusiness network and its requirements. By
attachments. The user activates the codecombining enterprise-level Stateful Inspection
unknowingly, thus infecting their system with thefirewall protection and IPSec VPN capabilities with
virus. Viruses often use the victim's address bookcustomization options and ease of use,
to email themselves to other mailboxes. VirusesSafe@Office delivers a cost-effective solution for
can range from merely annoying to dangerouslyoffices with three to seventy-five users.
destructive.No security expert is required for appliance
- Worms. Similar to viruses and much moreinstallation and configuration, as wizard-driven
common are computer worms. Unlike viruses,setup options allow simple and quick customization
which infect programs and files, worms do notof the firewall and VPN settings to match the
attach themselves to any other software and arecompany security policy.
self-sustained. Worms often propagateSafe@Office Internet Security Appliance
themselves using an infected system's fileFeaturesSafe@Office network and remote
transmission capabilities, and may increaseaccess security appliances are high-performance,
network traffic dramatically in the process. Otherhardware-based platforms that provide advanced
possible effects of a worm include deletion offirewall protection and support a wide variety of
files, emailing of files from the infected computer,security services from Email Antivirus to Dynamic
and so on. More recently, hackers have designedDNS. All Safe@Office appliances include the
worms to be multi-headed, so that their payloadfollowing features:
includes other executables. The most infamous- Stateful Packet Inspection Firewall. Safe@Office
worm is My.appliances are equipped with best-of-breed,
Doom, which, along with its variants, causedpatented firewall technology from Check Point
several billion dollars worth of damage toSoftware Technologies, the same technology
businesses, ISPs, and home users.used by 97% of the Fortune 500. The firewall
- Trojan Horses. These are software programsprotects your network from DoS attacks, IP
that capture passwords and other personalspoofing, and TCP/IP-based attacks, without any
information, and which can also allow anneed for configuration. The moment you connect
unauthorized remote user to gain access to theyour network to the Internet using the
system where the Trojan is installed. To protectSafe@Office appliance, your network is protected:
against damage by Trojan horses, it is necessaryno setup is required on the LAN computers, and
to use a firewall with strict control for outgoingno expert is needed to configure the firewall
traffic.settings.
- DoS (Denial of Service) Attacks. This particular- Internet Connection Sharing and IP Address
threat is valid if you run a Web server with aManagement. All Safe@Office appliances include
promotional or Web commerce site. The attackbuilt-in NAT (Network Address Translation) and
attempts to disable the server by flooding it withDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
fake requests that overload the server. Veryfeatures to allow seamless integration with an
often, unable to mount this attack with a limitedexisting network and connection sharing between
number of computers and bandwidth, themultiple stations.
attacker will create an army of "zombie"- Easy Management and Simple Configuration.
machines, by infecting various networks withSafe@Office appliances provide you with a wide
worms that allow the hacker to exploit therange of management options, both local and
machines and their bandwidth for the attack. Thisremote, to provide all users with the configurability
is called a DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service).they require. Locally, the Safe@Office can be
DoS has become a popular online criminal activitymanaged via a Web-based interface that
with hacker groups demanding protection moneyincorporates easy-to-understand wizards and
to keep them from ruining businesses. Companiesoptions. For extended configuration options,
that depend on online commerce are particularlyadvanced users can configure the appliance
vulnerable to this type of attack.directly via the command line, using SSH.
- Spam. Though not officially defined as a securityRemotely, the Safe@Office appliance can be
threat, spam can seriously damage productivityconfigured via HTTPS or secure SSH, when these
and represents a potential risk, due to the currentremote access options are enabled. For increased
rise of malicious software delivered by spamsecurity, you can configure the Safe@Office
messages, as well as "phishing". Phishing is aappliance to allow administrator access only from
method used to acquire personal information suchspecified IP addresses, over VPN, or from local
as passwords, bank account and credit cardmachines. Safe@Office appliances can be centrally
numbers, and more, through sophisticated emailmanaged by the SofaWare Security Management
messages that claim to have come from aPortal (SMP) to receive customized security
specific provider (eBay for example) and appearpolicies, additional services, and advanced logging
quite authentic to the unsuspecting recipient.options.
- Spyware. Spyware is malicious code sometimes- Security Updates and Additional Services.
found in various freeware or shareware software,Internet hazards, security standards, and
as well as in file sharing clients. It takes a toll ontechnology are constantly developing. The
system performance and sends user data to theSafe@Office solution can be customized for your
spyware creators.office network and updated automatically with the
- Inappropriate or Illegal Content. Though notlatest security updates and new features.
considered a security threat, inappropriate contentSafe@Office Solution for Any OfficeSafe@Office
can seriously damage employee productivity. Webappliances are available in a variety of feature
sites with illegal content often contain files withsets and user numbers to suit your business. All
viruses, worms, and Trojans horses embedded inSafe@Office appliances can be subscribed to
the available downloads. How Can I Protectadvanced security and productivity services such
Myself?If you have read this far, you haveas Email Antivirus, Antispam, Web Filtering,
passed the toughest challenge for small businessDynamic DNS, managed VPN and security policy,
network owners. You should now have a prettyand advanced security logging.
clear picture of what the possible threats are and- Safe@Office 100/200 SeriesSafe@Office 100
how they can harm your network. The next step200 series appliances protect your computers and
is to evaluate the risks and allocate the resources:data from hackers and reduce network
- Assess your needs and invest correctly.downtime, so you can focus on running your
Consider the harm that could be caused if abusiness. Designed specifically for the needs of
competitor retrieved customer information. Thinkthe small to medium business, Safe@Office 100
of the damage to your business that can be done200 series appliances provide easy-to-use,
by Web site downtime. · Don't go overboard,Stateful Inspection firewall protection, while
investing valuable time and money in resourcessupporting Remote Access and Site-to-Site VPNs.
you do not need. For example, a home-basedSafe@Office 100/200 offers exceptional firewall
business of three employees does not necessarilyand VPN throughput, allowing employees in
require content filtering to avoid questionableremote locations to securely and easily access
content online.resources that reside on the company network
- Outsource whenever possible. Many ISPs offer(such as email), enhancing both efficiency and
security services for small as well as largecomfort.
networks. Check what security management- Safe@Office 400W SeriesThe Safe@Office
options then can provide. Network security400W series wireless security appliance is an
consultants as well as companies dedicated toadvanced, fully integrated wireless access point,
network security service provisioning can be verydelivering top performance and comprehensive
helpful if you do not have an IT staff.wireless security in a single plug-and-play solution.
Ten Steps to a Secure Small BusinessSpecifically designed to meet the needs of the
NetworkNot Just the Technology - Before you gosmall business, Safe@Office 400W is simple to
out and shop for firewalls, antiviruses, andinstall and manage, allowing your business to
network security service providers, be sure tobecome fully secured and wireless in minutes.
set the goal. Asses your needs, examine yourSafe@Office 400W keeps your information
current resources, and estimate the potentialsecret from unauthorized intruders by using
benefits of having a secure network.mature IPSec technology to encrypt all wireless
1.Awareness. Perhaps one of the most importanttransmissions. Your network will also be fully
ingredients of a secure network is awareness.protected against external Internet attacks by
Familiarize yourself with various security threats.the world-class Check Point firewall.
Be sure to check the availability of securityFor increased productivity, Safe@Office 400W
updates and software patches. Increasealso supports secure remote access and the
awareness among your workers. Have them readcreation of VPN networks, enabling remote
this document, if necessary. Make sure they dobranches and on-the-road employees to remain
not bring unprotected mobile devices into thesecurely connected to office resources at all
network, that they do not open unexpected emailtimes.
attachments, and so on.For more information on Safe@Office solutions
2.Security Policy. Technology is but a tool in theplease visit the Safe@Office homepage at and
enforcement of certain rules that are meant touse the automatic product selector to choose the
keep your data safe and your business runningright solution for your business. If you have any
smoothly. A security policy should consist ofquestions, please feel free to use our live chat
various rules and behaviors, such as a passwordservice to speak with a Safe@Office security
policy requiring users to have passwords thatexpert. If you are interested in posting this
cannot be easily guessed or broken and firewalldocument on your Web page or any other media,
rules permitting specific traffic in and out of theplease contact .
network. It is highly recommended to consult withCOPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKSCopyright
a network security specialist when compiling a© 2005 SofaWare, All Rights Reserved. No
security policy for an office with more than tenpart of this document may be reproduced in any
users. It is necessary to enforce the policy once itform or by any means without written permission
has been created, to ensure its effectiveness.from SofaWare. Information in this document is
The Basics The following three resources are asubject to change without notice and does not
must for any single computer or networkrepresent a commitment on part of SofaWare
connected to the Internet.Technologies Ltd. SofaWare, the SofaWare logo
3.Firewall . A firewall acts as the security guardand Safe@Office are service marks or registered
between your network and the Internet.trademarks of SofaWare Technologies Ltd. Check
Software firewalls that are installed directly on thePoint and the Check Point logo are service marks,
computer are required in cases where theor registered trademarks of Check Point
machine leaves the office, or where it is the onlySoftware Technologies Ltd. or its affiliates. All
computer in the business. Hardware firewallsother product names mentioned herein are
installed on firewall-dedicated machines aretrademarks or registered trademarks of their
required in networks comprised of a number ofrespective owners. The products described in this
computers. Firewalls differ from one another:document are protected by U.S. Patent No.
some provide in-depth firewall protection and5,606,668 and 5,835,726 and may be protected
additional security services, while others simplyby other U.S. Patents, foreign patents, or pending
provide Internet connection sharing with NATapplications.