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Wireless networks are multiuser systems in which information is conveyed by means of radio waves. In a multiuser environment, access coordination can be accomplished via several mechanisms: by insulating the various signals sharing the same access medium, by allowing the signals to contend for the access, or by combining these two approaches. The choice for the appropriate scheme must take into account a number of factors, such as type of traffic under consideration, available technology, cost, complexity. Signal insulation is easily attainable by means of a scheduling procedure in which signals are allowed to access the medium according to a predefined plan. Signal contention occurs exactly because...

HYPERWRT Mission Statement is "HyperWRT is a power boost firmware for the Linksys WRT54G and WRT54GS router. The goal of this project is to add a limited set of features to the last Linksys firmware, extending its possibilities but staying close to the official firmware." HYPER-WRT - Installing this distribution is really a breeze with no head aches. Cool features for this distribution are: With my old linksys firmware I was unable to VPN into my network. After I installed HYPER-WRT I had no problem. Also, I usually work off my laptop in the same area of my house and with the linksys firmware I had a "Good" signal according to windows. After I installed HYPER-WRT my windows signal jumped to...

This is my 20th year working in the film industry on over 40 film productions. Throughout that time I have never met a new film school graduate who has a clue about handling the most important aspect of ALL filmmaking - the MONEY! I had always assumed (wrongly, it turns out) that film students just weren't interested in knowing about film budgets. However after a recent survey of film students at a reputable film college we learned that film students DO intuitively understand that knowing the language of film budgeting is crucial to their careers in film. Surprisingly, over 80% were enthusiastic about learning more about film budgeting!Here's what we discovered from that survey (completed in late...

Because nobody wants to compromise the integrity of their network by having some hacker "borrow" your bandwidth or gain access and start snooping around you need to lock down your network. Fortunately, encryption is built into wireless technology; it's simply a matter knowing how to turn it on.Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or WiFi Protected Access (WPA) The good news is that wireless technology does have pre-built security but the bad news is there's a flaw in that security. The problem lies in the fact that it's been built upon two completely incompatible standards with the result being that it's a pain in the "you know what" to set up a whole network to use encryption.Like most new technologies...

Bluetooth was designed to allow low bandwidth wireless connections to become easy to use so even those who are new to wireless can use them. Version one.One of Bluetooth describes a low power, short range wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to send data at rates up to 720 kilobits a second.Bluetooth SpecThe specification for Bluetooth supplies for different classes of radio that allow transmission ranges of up to 100 meters by boosting the radio power. The technology of Bluetooth isn't limited to line of sight transmission since it uses directional waves that are capable of transmitting through many obstructions.Industry StandardBluetooth is an industry standard...

The Basics of Hydroponics Gardening.What is hydroponics gardening?Derived from the Latin Hydro, meaning water and Geoponics, meaning the study of agriculture, hydroponics is the science of growing plants using a solution of suitable nutrients instead of soil. Most types of plant can be grown very successfully using hydroponics.In conventional gardening the plants are grown in soil and take their nourishment from the chemical compounds contained within that soil. The hydroponic gardener replaces the soil with a balanced, nutrient rich, solution that the plant can absorb with ease. Because the plant does not have to work so hard to absorb the available nutrients it saves energy which can then be...

Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service (SDARS):SDAR is a satellite-based direct-broadcast radio service in which digitally encoded audio entertainment material is broadcast to Earth-based receivers, either directly from an orbiting satellite, or from the satellite to the receiver via a repeater station (This is a special case in which the receiver is in a shielded location). SDARS is a radio communication service through which audio programming is digitally transmitted by one or more space stations directly to fixed, mobile, and/or portable stations, and which may involve complementary repeating terrestrial transmitters, telemetry, tracking and control facilities. Through SDARS compact-disc...

Consider the convenience and added benefits of renting today's wireless technology.Wireless networks have a big advantage over wired networks, especially for short term projects where the internet and rental computers, printers and projectors are deployed.Wireless networks are easier and faster to setup than wired networks. Wireless devices add flexibility and save time. With wireless you can move your laptops, projectors and printers around and still maintain connectivity. Best of all, you don't have to run cat5 wires to routers, computers, printers and switches.Here are some of the wireless products that are commonly rented for company projects:Wireless Router RentalsA wireless router is a...

QoS is a big topic on your BCMSN and CCNP exams, and for good reason. As more and more traffic flows through today's networks, accurately applying QoS to both your routers and switches becomes more important.Note the phrase "accurately applying". You must have a plan in place before you start configuring QoS on your switches, and to create such a plan you should use Cisco's Three-layer Hierarchical Model.This model breaks switches down into three main groups - Access, Distribution, and Core. You're familiar with these groups from your CCNA studies, and now you've got to apply this knowledge.The QoS workload should be borne by the Access and Distribution layers, because the Core layer switches...

Just a few short years ago a PDA anti virus was not necessary. The viruses, worms, Trojan horses and the like were the concern of PC owners only. But as we all know things in the online world change very fast, and these days all PDA's surf the web frequently. The popularity of PDA's and the ease of access to wireless surfing at wi-fi hotspots is a blessed phenomena. But while this is a good development, new throats enter the arena. Today's worlds of pocket pc's is as dangerous as the regular PC's. Numerous viruses, Trojan horses and key loggers are speeded each day, thus forcing PDA owners to arm themselves with the proper protection.Let's take a look a few of the treats that have immerged in today...

I was thrilled when Apple announced its Airport Wi-Fi hardware. Like many others, I envisioned walking down the street with my iBook constantly connected to the Internet. We all soon found out how difficult that was, at least without buying a cup of coffee. A small culture was born from people driving through neighborhoods looking for Open (Without a password) wireless access points. This scavenger hunt was not the wireless network we had envisioned. That dream connectivity came many years after Wi-Fi, and it is called EVDO.EVDO is short for Evolution-Date Optimized, which like all too many acronyms used these days tells you nothing about the service. This is unfortunate, because...

Wireless networking is simple in theory: just install a wireless network adapter in each computer and forget about drilling holes and running cable. When you deal with equipment based on the 802.11b (or Wi-Fi) standard, unfortunately, the reality often falls short of claimed specifications. Your wireless network will have a limited range - you've probably experienced a decrease in speed at a certain distance from an access point. That's why you must adjust the location and configuration of your wireless setup to obtain the best possible performance, range, and reliability. Follow expert advice and your connection will be faster across longer distances--and you'll have fewer dropped connections.Pick...

IntroductionThe war in Iraq and the War on Terror have changed the focus of all three levels of government. Federal, state and local government - all three are seeking better ways to protect themselves, their equipment and data while working amid pressure-filled and dangerous situations. Of course, security has been the buzzword on Capitol Hill for some time, but generally speaking, physical security took initial priority, followed by outer system protection through intrusion detection and patch management. Security at the application level hasn't happened yet and is really the most critical. Attacks are becoming more sophisticated than worms or even viruses, and can shut down entire systems...

Of primary concern to all internet users is their actual connection to the internet.A user needs to look at all the factors and weigh the benefits and costsReliability - is the connection available 24/7, or do you get a busy signal?Speed - at what speeds can a user upload and download files?Costs - what are the setup and monthly costs for the internet connection service?Support - is support available 24/7 and is it free or is there a cost associated with it?Availability - is the desired service available at your location?Available options with good and bad features include:Local dial up with phone company (local isp) - While this many times is the simplest, often times, they are the most costly and...

LCD is a technology that is used to present a digital image for viewing, for instance, on a laptop or via a projector. LCD is the acronym for Liquid Crystal Display. Most projectors use LCD technology. They can easily incorporate text, graphics and video. These types of projectors are also known as PowerPoint projectors since they are mostly used for presenting PowerPoint slides by corporate houses and business houses for business and sales presentations.LCD projectors are versatile, reliable and portable. They can be easily connected to video, PC and laptops; they are compatible to most systems. They can project images on any surface with equal brightness. They can present data, graphics and video...

This article will provide you a brief introduction about what actually video conferencing is. By video conferecing we can connect with some other identity and also can see the video online in real time. It is now useful and very interesting technology and widly used worldwide.What is Video Conferencing: Video conferencing is the integration of video, audio and peripherals to enable two or more people to communicate simultaneously over some type of telecommunications lines. By video conferencing you are transmitting synchronized images and verbal communications between two or more locations in lieu of them being in the same room.Video conferencing ingredients: The main ingredients of successful video...

War drivers are in the business of finding wireless access points, documenting them and uploading their locations to the web. Why would someone do this, well for several reasons:First they want free internet access. Next they could just be war driving as a hobby; finally they could be targeting your network for financial gain. One of the most asked questions is how do you stop hackers from trying to hack your wireless lan and how to catch them in the act.Stopping Wardrivers:1. Use directional antennas: One of the most under stated uses of directional antennas are how they keep your wireless signal within your area of operation. If you are using a Omni directional antenna that is causing half the...

As download speeds continue to increase a greater number of broadband users are downloading heavy content items such as entire films. This is because the time it takes to complete such tasks are shortened. It is also the case that several computers sharing the same broadband connection may accessing the Internet simultaneously, therefore creating a situation in which these machine must be connected to the point at which broadband enters the premises.In the past this was achieved by using cables and wires. More recently, wireless routers have become popular amongst broadband enthusiasts as they allow for the connection of multiple devices to the same broadband connection, as well as the ability to...

A pocket personal computer (pocket pc or ppc) is exactly what you would imagine. It is a small computer designed to be easily held in the hand or carried in a pocket. Pocket pcs come loaded with Windows CE operating system and can be downloaded with a wide variety of additional software programs to customize them to the user's needs. These handy computers have most of the capabilities of a full desktop computers including:* Email * Appointment reminders * Multimedia players * Gaming * Text messaging * Web browsing * Word processing * TouchscreenPocket pcs come with many add-ons such as cameras, barcode readers, cradles, docking stations, bluetooth capability, GPS receiver and other...

There are so many programs that will tweak your TCP/IP settings. The truth is changing your MTU or time to live (TTL) settings will only do so much. Windows XP is already set for broadband connections so there is really not much to do.. Most of the time regular use, installing programs and updating your computer will slow down your computer. In this tutorial we will show you how to maintain a better performing computer for broadband use.Step 1: Increase DNS Cache When you connect to the internet the is translated into a number that looks like 192.222.12.4. These translations are stored in your DNS cache. With the translations of web addresses cached your computer does not have to look to the web as...

Comparing Evolutionary Programming and Extreme Programming with Mum by Marshall KannerAbstractThe implications of peer-to-peer modalities have been far-reaching and pervasive [36,13,37,7,37]. In fact, few system administrators would disagree with the emulation of IPv4 [30]. Our focus in this work is not on whether cache coherence and 16 bit architectures are rarely incompatible, but rather on describing a novel heuristic for the study of DHCP (Mum).Table of Contents1) Introduction 2) Related Work 3) Robust Epistemologies 4) Implementation 5) Results and Analysis5.1) Hardware and Software Configuration5.2) Experiments and Results6) Conclusion1 IntroductionIn recent years, much research has been...

Consider the convenience and added benefits of renting today's wireless technology.Wireless networks have a big advantage over wired networks, especially for short term projects where the internet and rental computers, printers and projectors are deployed.Wireless networks are easier and faster to setup than wired networks. Wireless devices add flexibility and save time. With wireless you can move your laptops, projectors and printers around and still maintain connectivity. Best of all, you don't have to run cat5 wires to routers, computers, printers and switches.Here are some of the wireless products that are commonly rented for company projects:Wireless Router RentalsA wireless router is a...

AbstractContext-free grammar [1,2,1] and extreme programming, while intuitive in theory, have not until recently been considered technical. in fact, few cyberneticists would disagree with the analysis of A* search. We omit a more thorough discussion due to space constraints. Our focus in our research is not on whether DHCP and web browsers [3,4,5,6,7] are regularly incompatible, but rather on constructing a compact tool for studying red-black trees (Vehm).1 IntroductionMany experts would agree that, had it not been for neural networks, the emulation of the producer-consumer problem might never have occurred. In our research, we show the development of the producer-consumer problem, which embodies...

When one thinks about home security, they ususally think of taking measures like installing alarms, deadbolts, and window locking devices. But if you have a wireless computer network like many American homes, your personal data (credit card numbers and banking information) could be open to hackers.When you first purchase and turn on your wireless router, the router manufacturer makes it dead simple to connect your wireless devices. Out of the box, your wireless router is unsecured. Given that most wireless routers have a range of around 100 feet, if your neighbours have wireless devices, they can connect just as easy as you can. Even worse, hackers can drive past your house with a $29 wireless...

Stealing the show at CES 2006 in Las Vegas for the Hyper Cell Phone Category was the NetGear - Skype WiFi Phone. In reviewing this technology it is unbelievable the amount of technology going into this little handheld 3-in-one advice.This phone only needs a WiFi network to use VoIP or surf. Meanwhile you can use it like a regular cell phone too. We are entering a new age of cell phones which are portable juke boxes, MP3 Players, video games, PDAs, watches, video phones, surfing units, VoIP phones, holographic displays, email enabled and full GPS capabilities too. This a beginning of a new era.The NetGear Corporation and Skype also announced that the NetGear RangeMax Wireless Router (WPN824) with...

Organizations in our region have been steadily adopting wireless networking over the past few years, and many more businesses will take the leap to wireless over the course of 2006. By implementing a wireless network, your employees can do their job more efficiently and be more productive. For just about every business, there is an opportunity to use a wireless network to become more competitive in the marketplace.Many businesses have installed wireless access points (WAPs) in order to realize various benefits, but my experience has shown that relatively few organizations understand the importance of properly securing their wireless network. If an attacker gains wireless access to your network...

CCNA certification is important, and so is securing our network's Cisco routers! To reflect the importance of network security, your CCNA certification exam is likely going to contain quite a few questions about the various passwords you can set on a Cisco router. Let's take a look at some of those passwords and when to apply them.If the previous user has logged out of the router properly, you will see a prompt like this when you sit down at the router console:R1 con0 is now availablePress RETURN to get started.R1>To get into enable mode, by default all I have to do is type "enable".R1>enableR1#See how the prompt changed? By default, I can now run all the show and debug commands I want, not to...

The buzz surrounding Voice over IP technology has been growing for quite some time, but only recently has the notion of ditching standard telephone service grown so compelling that companies like Skype can claim over 215 million downloads of its product. In this article, we'll explore the current offerings and help you make wise choices while embarking on the VoIP path.Let's start with vocabulary. The most important and oft-repeated acronym you must learn and understand in regards to Voice over IP is SIP. SIP stands for Session Initiation Protocol, a well-established, open-standard protocol that is the glue to the VoIP world. It allows a vast array of services, software, and...

WiFi is a very hot commodity worldwide...for both users & those wanting to cash in on the business potential. Below you'll find some things to consider if you're one of those interested in the business potential of WiFi. If you have more to add....please do.I'll try to keep this as simple as possible.Here's some simple ideas you should consider for becoming a WiFi Hotspot.* To turn your business into a hotspot, you really only need 2 things:- Hotspot Kit (which should include hardware, software, and remote monitoring)- High Speed Internet (whatever is appropriate for your situation....DSL, T1, or DS3 connectivity)* Before you order your hotspot kit, you need to first determine what type of service...

Running a business from home has its advantages, including no commute, a more accommodating work schedule, fresh coffee and home-cooked meals at any time you want.But running a business from home using a home wireless local area network (WLAN) with your computer may lead to thievery of confidential information and hacker or virus penetration unless proper actions are taken. As WLANs send information back and forth over radio waves, someone with the right type of receiver in your immediate area could be picking up the transmission, thus acquiring access to your computer.Here is a list of things that you should consider as a result of implementing a home wireless network setup used your business...

Once you've got your wireless network set up, I've no doubt that one of the first things you'll want to do with it is share an Internet connection -- after all, that's why most home users put in a wireless network to begin with. Well, the good news is that Windows has Internet Connection Sharing built in. The bad news is that setting it up can sometimes be a little less than fun.The problem is that the Internet Connection Sharing Wizards that come with Windows 98 Second Edition and Windows Me don't work very well, and in some cases, can break your existing Internet Connection. The good news is that it's not that hard to set up, as long as you do it properly.How Internet Connection Sharing WorksWhen...

What makes one e-commerce web site a raging success, while another similar one barely gets a visitor much less sells anything? Ask any small business owner and you're likely to get a range of answers from "Cool technology" to "A really sexy web site", and more likely than not: "Being Number One on the Search Engines".Important some of these things may be, they're not actually the core elements for success! And it's for this reason that most people go wrong when they go online. In fact, the main factors, or decisions, that make a web site successful or not, take place long before a line of code is written, or a graphic designed or anyone puts finger to keyboard to write any copy. We list below, in...

One of the fastest growing and most exciting technologies these days is devices that use some sort of wireless network. Wireless networking has allowed almost anyone to use many different devices in a way that not too long ago was unheard of. The most exciting thing about wireless networking is that the development of new technologies is only just beginning. A new wireless protocol, 802.11N, should be released later this year, which will allow wireless networks to connect over longer distances, and at faster speeds. With this new advancement companies will be able to allow all of their users to connect to the network wirelessly. This new protocol, coupled with recent advancements in secure...

Because nobody wants to compromise the integrity of their network by having some hacker "borrow" your bandwidth or gain access and start snooping around you need to lock down your network. Fortunately, encryption is built into wireless technology; it's simply a matter knowing how to turn it on.Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or WiFi Protected Access (WPA) The good news is that wireless technology does have pre-built security but the bad news is there's a flaw in that security. The problem lies in the fact that it's been built upon two completely incompatible standards with the result being that it's a pain in the "you know what" to set up a whole network to use encryption.Like most new technologies...

On November 22, 2005, Microsoft released the long awaited XBox 360, the next generation of its popular XBox gaming console. The XBox 360, however, goes farther than any game system that users are currently accustomed to. The XBox 360 is more like a fully functional, broadband connected entertainment gadget that appeals to gamers but is equipped to entertain the whole family.Although smaller than the original XBox (The 360 weighs in at a mere 7.7 lbs), this version packs so many nifty features in a small package. If you also happen to own a HDTV, you will truly be able to appreciate the advanced graphics features and support for windscreen (16:9) format. Of course, the console will work on regular...